Iran s Domestic Affairs And Foreign Policy - 2429 Words

The historical lift of decades-long sanctions on Iran earlier this year has sparked numerous discussions about what the future holds for the country. Without a doubt, possibilities that have been blocked by the past economic sanctions are now accessible to Iran. However, it’s crucial to understand that change cannot happen overnight. In fact, it may take years or even decades for Iran to catch up with the majority of countries around the world. There are some notable events in Iran’s domestic affairs that can assist us in navigating where the semi-theocratic regime appears to be headed. One of them would be the recent Iranian election and its conceivable outcomes. This paper will examine the possible progresses post-sanctions Iran can†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, we may deduce that recent elections suggested Iran’s leaders — and not merely reformists — have learned that the most effective way to mitigate this dilemma is to forge a pea ce deal with some of their rivals. The prospects for such a deal emerged when Rouhani publicly assailed the Guardian Council, asserting that the parliament â€Å"is the house of the people and not a particular faction.†2 While the Council of Guardians ignored this signal and chose instead to disqualify Hassan Khomeini — along with thousands of other would be candidates — persistent criticism of the council’s actions from Rouhani, Rafsanjani, and others compelled it to readmit some 1,500 aspiring candidates — political novices, to be sure, rather than veteran reformists, but whose ranks included many supporters of Rouhani and his allies. These dynamics suggest a grudging readiness by Iran’s top leadership to negotiate a political accommodation that could very slowly, yet eventually favor greater pluralism and openness in the Islamic Republic. This seems to be the objective of Iran’s reformists, who — with Rouhani’s suppor t — have signaled a growing measure of political sophistication, strategic vision, and unity.3 In the end, noShow MoreRelatedRonald Reagans Domestic and Foreign Affairs Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesReagans Domestic and Foreign Affairs. The reason that I choose this topic was because I have always been personally interested in Ronald Reagans time in office and the national crisis he had to deal with. Reagan was awesome when it came to foreign policy because he knew how to negotiate with foreign leaders and their countries to get what he wanted. There were several instances during his time in office that he had the chance to use his ability to get the country out of danger. Domestic AffairsRead MoreIr A Second Largest Gas Producer On The World With Gas Production Of 360 Billion Cubic Meters /1216 Words   |  5 PagesIran has stated a goal to remain the third largest gas producer in the world with gas production of 360 billion cubic meters / year by 2025. The European Union will be able to assist Iran with this goal as the expansion of the upstream gas production will re quire investment and technology from European and international companies. Iran has also expressed interest in injecting gas into the oil fields in order to maintain and increase oil production. EU companies can offer efficient solutions to increaseRead MoreThe Legacy of Ronald Reagan1004 Words   |  5 Pages However, in doing so he got wrapped up in the Iran-Contra Affair, which will forever be tied to his name in a negative regard. Within America, Reagan was able to improve society such as his success in curbing the use of illegal drugs. Ronald Reagan is often times cited as the best president the United States has ever had, due to his relentless attacks on communism and illegal drug use in America, even with his involvement in the Iran-Contra Affair. Ronald Reagan was tremendously successfulRead MoreDomestic American Terrorism1780 Words   |  7 PagesForeign and domestic policies are not linear, rather the policies are connected in a circle, with each policy reinforcing the values of another. Domestic American terrorism in the prison and detention systems and governmental reforms are influenced by the mobilization and ethnocentrism abroad. The militarization internationally is justified by the domestic handling of the same cultural issues within the United State borders. The United States has strangely used a near Catch-22 to handle dilemmasRead MoreJimmy Carter And His Foreign Affairs1305 Words   |  6 PagesOn the other extreme is Jimmy Carter, president from 1977 to 1981. Ranked last for both his foreign affairs and his overall presidency, Carter left the Oval Office a very unpopular man. Carter’s sole accolade came from the Camp David Accords of 1978-9. Carter invited Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin and Egyp tian prime minister Anwar Sadat to Camp David, the presidential retreat, to work out an agreement. Carter played a major role in the negotiations, mediating a dispute that resulted in a peaceRead MoreMutually Beneficial, A Dependency On Iranian Oil For Beijing s Policy Decisions Before809 Words   |  4 Pagesmutually beneficial, a dependency on Iranian oil for Beijing’s policy decisions vanished and can no longer be used as a valid argument to analyze China’s decision-making process from 2004 until the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, as authors such as Dorraj and Currier or Kozhanov did. In January 2005, Bush repeatedly warned, that military action against Iran was likely, hence increased Beijing’s fear for regime-change, particularly since the IAEA inspectors visited the Parchin military complexRead MoreThe Iranian Hostage Crisis Of 19791667 Words   |  7 Pageswith the seizure of the American Embassy in Tehran by Khomeini-supporting Islamist students, who took 66 Americans hostage. Since the Western â€Å"realm† is held together by shared values and sense of community, amongst other features, and Khomeini’s Iran had proven itself to be not only an ideological threat to Westerners, but a security one as well as exemplified by the hostage-taking, Canada swiftly worked bilaterally to defend its realm by sheltering 6 American diplomats in the home of CanadianRead MoreAnalysis Of Taken Hostage By David Farber1350 Words   |  6 PagesStates embassy in Tehran and the hostage of four hundred and forty-four days following, were the first steps le ading up to the perpetual War on Terror. In the book Taken Hostage by David Farber informs about the Iran Hostage Crisis and the First Encounter with Radical Islam. United States and Iran got into conflict, leading to the Iranians holding American Embassy members hostage as revenge for them feeling betrayed by the United States. It also informs us about other events that occurred in a decadeRead MoreEssay about The Reagan Tax Cuts And Foreign Policy1376 Words   |  6 Pages The Reagan Tax Cuts and Foreign Policy nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the 1980s President Ronald Reagans (our 40th president from 1981 to 1989) domestic policy of a substantial tax cut led to greatly increased economic prosperity for our country. During Reagans administration marked changes were made to the tax code and economic statistics showed a major change for the better. However, at the same time, the Democrats controlled the Congress and continued increased spending against ReagansRead MoreThe Reagan Tax Cuts and Foreign Policy1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Reagan Tax Cuts and Foreign Policy During the 1980s President Ronald Reagans (our 40th president from 1981 to 1989) domestic policy of a substantial tax cut led to greatly increased economic prosperity for our country. During Reagans administration marked changes were made to the tax code and economic statistics showed a major change for the better. However, at the same time, the Democrats controlled the Congress and continued increased spending against Reagans wishes. The Joint Economic

Food Labeling And Consumer Associations With Health,...

Do you know what is happening with your eggs? According to Food Labeling and Consumer Associations with Health, Safety, and Environment, as consumers become more increasingly aware of where and how their food comes from, consumers have demanded for a larger need of labels in their products. Labels, for the most part, give consumers insight on any given product but have evolved as a way to mislead consumers into buying their products. This type of misleading information is easily seen in the egg market; using labels to advertise certain aspects of their products that is considered true throughout the industry as a whole, the use of double speak in wording regarding labels, the labeling of certain type of eggs being perceived by consumers†¦show more content†¦An increase in the price of eggs due to labels that reinforces a common practice among the whole egg industry is problematic. Companies are taking advantage of consumers by making it seem that their product is distinctly different than their competitors by adding a label. This label essentially raises the price of their product, exploiting the consumers and taking their hard earned money. This system, that puts costumers at a disadvantage for a profit, can also be seen with vague labeling. Labels on any food product, including eggs, should be clear for consumers to understand. In many cases, this is not accurate, companies use terms that are covered in double speak when labeling to ensure consumers purchase their products. William Lutz defines double speak as a form of communication that hides information and mislead the receiver of the message. In this case, the receiver of this message are consumers. The USDA has allowed companies to use double speak in their labels with terms that do not have a clear meanings and have a meaning that are different from what consumers believe. For instance, When companies use the term fresh on their labels, it is not exactly what consumers may believe. The USDA defines the term fresh for poultry as never reaching twenty six degrees Fahrenheit but never clarifies how many days it has been on display nor when it was slaughtered. Which means as consumers, the probability of buying a poultryShow MoreRelatedEthics Of Genetically Modified Organisms816 Words   |  4 Pagesorganisms (GMOs) have been used for in the production of medicine and food and are widely used in scientific research and the production of other products (Junod, 2009). A GMO is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques, including mutation, insertion, or deletion of genes (Nelson, 2010). GMOS and GM technology have become a topic of great concern among scientists, regulators, consumers, farmers, and politicians. Despite potential benefits, public hostilityRead MoreAn Inside Look at Gluten-Free Food Essay1345 Words   |  6 PagesGluten-Free Food There is an estimate of 3 million people in the United States that have celiac disease (CD). Individuals with CD, any foods that contain gluten trigger the production of antibodies that attack and damage the lining of the small intestine; thus, limiting nutrient absorption (U.S. FDA, 2013). On August 2, 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a final rule that defines â€Å"gluten-free† for food labeling. â€Å"The FDA’s new ‘gluten-free’ definition will help people withRead MoreArguments Of Proponents And Opponents Of The Safe And Accurate Food Labeling Act1744 Words   |  7 PagesAccurate Food Labeling Act. This paper will now analyze each issue to determine the strengths and weakness of each side’s argument. One argument that proponents make about genetically modified food is that they are no different than natural foods. An argument that opponents make is that genetically modified organisms have not been tested enough becaus e they are fairly new and some scientist truly don’t have an understanding of how it will affect humans bodies differently than natural foods. ProponentsRead MoreOrganic Food : The United States Department Of Agriculture753 Words   |  4 PagesInterest in organic food has been increasing over the past decade. The United States Department of Agriculture(USDA) defines the term organic as:â€Å"... a labeling term that indicates that the food or other agricultural product has been produced through approved methods † (â€Å"Consumer Information,† 2014, para. 1). In fact, consumers have become aware about food quality, and this has increased the sales of organic foods. According to The Organic Trade Association (2011), organic food sales have been identifiedRead MoreAnalysis Of Watching Food Inc.1396 Words   |  6 PagesWatching Food Inc. movie was a deception and a horrifying experience on what is happening in the food industry in the U.S. After spending time o n some of resources like The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on food safety, The National Food Processors’ Association that are in place to protect farmer’s industry and food consumers, to find out these agencies like are not protecting farmers nor are protecting food consumers in the U.S; and to learn about big corporations like Tyson Foods, Monsanto thatRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms (GMO) Labeling Legislation Essay934 Words   |  4 Pagesbeing able to halt the sale or planting of controversial genetically modified (aka GMO) or genetically engineered (GE) seeds, no matter what health issues may arise concerning GMOs in the future† (â€Å"5 Appalling Facts†)? Genetic engineering allows genetic material to be transferred between any organism, including between plants and animals. Genetically modified foods have been in existence since the early 1990s and they are not going away any time soon. In the European Union, â€Å"Member States may provisionallyRead MoreThe Debate Of Labeling Genetically Modified Organisms Essay2376 Words   |  10 PagesThe debate for labeling genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the food supply has been an ongoing battle for years. Both sides have valid points and believe passionately in their stance. One side states they are safe for the consumer to eat and do not need to be labeled. The other side argues not enough long term studies have been done to validate this claim and labeling should be mandatory to protect the consumer. While both supporters and non-supports of labeling GMO foods may not seem toRead MoreThe Information Found On Two Reliable Internet Websites1424 Words   |  6 Pages RELIABILITY: The information found on two reliable Internet websites is a secondary source by a renowned and well-known university, established since 1870 and a prestigious association, The Health Research Funding. In source 1 the pages linking to genetically modified foods is very rich in detail and has more then one contributor, all of which are very highly qualified in their areas of science. Therefore the information obtained is considered reliable. In source 2 the information is clear andRead MorePersuasive Speech: Why We Should Abandon Genetically Modified Food1580 Words   |  7 PagesGenetically Modified Food We all enjoy a cold glass of milk with homemade cookies, a refreshing pop on a hot summer day, and a juicy cob of corn in the summer months. But, do we ever wonder what is really in our food? Because genetically modified foods do not have to be labeled, you will likely never know if the food you are consuming is genetically modified. As a fellow member of the Organic Consumers Association, I am eager to inform you of why genetically modified food is an issue that we mustRead MoreGreen Marketing : Customer Satisfaction And Environmental Safety1651 Words   |  7 Pagesanalysis the impact of green marketing strategies on customer satisfaction and environmental safety using comprehensive literature review. As a result, this paper can be used by researchers who need to find out the impact of green marketing on customer satisfaction and environmental safety. Keywords: Green Marketing, Consumer Satisfaction, Environmental Safety. 1. Introduction In the last decade, consumers have become more enlightened on environmental issues. Green marketing refers to selling product

Monologue in Jessica Essay Example For Students

Monologue in Jessica Essay Topics: Brought back to life after 100 years, how does your character respond to the way society has progressed and its response to them now in comparison to before? By_ Peter Lee My character: George Thomas It makes me so angry that people dont recognise that I am a powerful man! I have money, status, but those stupid people dont know who I am. When I used to dine at luxury restaurants, department store, hotels and other famous places, I was recognised as George Thomas usually, have people give me top service. Thats a now a problem of course. Now people expect me to sit with filth. When I complain to the manager about the pitiful service and behaviour of the bloody waiters or waitresses, they look at me like I am some fool! Its only after my constant demands that they finally take me to fitting accommodation. Why must I have to ask, can they not see from my stature, do they not know the Thomas name? Why do these things happen to me? I used to buy expensive things from the stores, the community knew, that was a common practice for me but these people, They make comment about how those things are expensive. Who cares about the price of the things? Only, poor filthy animals like them care about it because they dont have much money like me. I look at them with contempt Oh this restaurant has the most expensive food in the city. It is very delicious to eat. What? What the bloody hell? Why is that black animal coming to seat in this premium area? Uh what Sitting behind me? It must not happen! How dare this black abo think he is welcome in this fine luxurious restaurant and sit behind me! Eww! Its really disgusting! It doesnt make sense! I cant have a meal in the presence of this company, I must complain at once to the manager he must not realise this is happening! Hey, manager! Do you think this make sense? Huh? You dont know what Im talking about? Oh, you bloody idiot! Whats wrong with your brain? Why is this black animal in this restaurant, let alone the table!!! (Hey! what are you looking at? ) Look here Mr Manager! Throw her away or youll regret what youve done! I will take my money else where and ruin the reputation of this restaurant if you do not remove her! What? What did you just say? What the hell are you talking about? Because she is your customer, you cant let her out? Oi, do it or Ill walk out of this restaurant, you son of bitch! No? Okay! Fine then, Ill go! Youll regret this one day and Ill remind you of what Ive just said to you. Black and White cannot sit next to each other. They cant stay with us! It is unacceptable! Hey you Abo! Walk out yourself or Ill get you! I know what you all are buggers get away with everything; expect things to be handed to you on a silver platter! Well, maybe you should earn your place in this world like the rest of us! I had to! Nothing came my way easy you know! You think it was easy for me to make my way to the top! Married to a woman who treated me like a sty dog half the time! Walked my hands in the soil, protected what was mine, only to have it taken away by you! That land was mine! Not yours! Mine! I paid for that land with my sweat and tears! My wife and daughters died on that land! Hey, man! Bloody hell Oi, police! Yeah, you! Listen to me! Do you think it is acceptable for whites and blacks to be in the same place? You cant just remove me from here! They are the ones being indecent! Look at them! Filthy Black dogs and white humans cant live together, you know?! What? .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66 , .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66 .postImageUrl , .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66 , .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66:hover , .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66:visited , .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66:active { border:0!important; } .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66:active , .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66 .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u79ea1905d724e04a0ce27e1d83741a66:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Frankenstein's Monster EssayYoure telling me to, Shut up! ? You dont know who I am? Im George Thomas, the wealthiest man in the city, you know! Everyone knows who I am! I have the power to take everything from you! What? Yeah, you think I am racist! Mate! Im bloody normal, the only normal one in this place! I am normal, you know! Those disgusting aboriginals shouldve been kicked out of Australia! What have they done for this country Tell me that! And the other Asian shouldve been banned from my precious land too! They will ruin this country, you wait and see! Im George Thomas! I AM George Thomas!

The Humpback Whale Essay Example For Students

The Humpback Whale Essay To look up into the mountains and see the steam rolling from a mountain stream on a cold winters morning is a beautiful sight. However, to look out over the horizon and see the white spray of salt water coming from the blow of a huge hump-back whale is much more exciting sight and a whole lot warmer. I lived in the mountains of Colorado for most of my childhood. The first time I had the opportunity to see the ocean was on a vacation to California, when I was about 15 years old. It was even better than I had dreamed it would be. The different animals in the ocean, the color of the water, and the warm sand between my toes was probably what led me to come to the islands of Hawaii. When I first saw the hump-back whale I was amazed at their huge size and how they could breach out of the water so gracefully. It is as if they were trying to play or show off. So when we were asked to choose a favorite animal, I had no problem deciding on the hump-back whale.The hump-back whale gets its name from the distinctive hump in front of the dorsal fin and from the way it raises its back high above water before diving. They are a member of the order Cetacea. This order is of aquatic mammals and the hump-back belongs to the suborder of the Mysticeti. The Mysticeti are the baleen whales which have three families and several species. The family in which the hump-back belongs is the Balaenopteridae, the true fin backed whale. The thing that separates this genus from the other fin-backed whales is the pectoral fins, which grow in lengths of about 5 meters (16.4 feet). This Genus is called Megaptera meaning great wing (Tinker 290). There was a controversy over the species name in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In 1932, Remington Kellogg finally settled the matter with Megatera Novaeangliae (Cousteau 84). The common English name is the hump-back whale.The hump-back whale lives in both the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Since we live in the Pacific Ill be discussing the hump-backs of the North Pacific. They migrate from North to South. In the months of July through September they gather in the Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea or the Chukchi Sea. They head south for the winter. They go to one of three areas: (1) Between the Bonin Islands, the Marianas Islands, the Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan; (2) The Hawaiian Islands, and (3) Along the coast of Mexico (Tinker 291).One of the reasons these whales go North is for feeding. They have a short food chain compared to most mammals. Phytoplankton turns sunlight into energy and this energy is consumed by zooplankton. The zooplankton and phytoplankton are eaten by small fish. The whale in turn eats the fish. The chain is complete when waste products or dead whales decompose. They have a very short time frame in which they eat compared to the twelve months out of the year. They have not been seen feeding in Hawaii. It seems that they only feed during the summer months up north. During the fasting periods, in Hawa ii, they survive on their blubber. They mix their diet with copepods, euphausiids (krill), and small fish, primarily herring and capelin. They are considered filter feeders, using baleen plates to filter out their food. They take huge amounts of water into their mouth using a gulping method and then when they push the water out, they put their tongue up so the water must pass through the baleens. The food becomes trapped and falls toward the rear of the mouth. The two gulping methods hump-back whales use are lunge feeding and bubble net feeding. Lunge feeding is used when food is abundant. The whale simply swims through the prey with its mouth open engulfing the prey. They can do this vertically, laterally or inverted. This is done toward the surface of the ocean. Bubble net feeding is used when the prey is less abundant. The whale dives below the prey and discharges bubbles from its blowhole. As the bubbles ascend they form .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 , .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 .postImageUrl , .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 , .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3:hover , .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3:visited , .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3:active { border:0!important; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3:active , .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Human Evolution Essay We will write a custom essay on The Humpback Whale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Female Knights

Female Knights There are plenty of fierce women who have battled their way through history in politics and warfare. Although from an academic standpoint women could not generally carry the title of knight, there were still many women in European history who were part of chivalric orders and performed the duties of female knights without the formal recognition. Key Takeaways: Female Knights During the Middle Ages, women could not be granted the title of Knight; it was reserved for men only. However, there were many chivalric orders of knighthood that admitted women and female warriors who performed the role.Documented stories of women- primarily high-born- prove that they donned armor and directed troop movement in times of war. Chivalric Orders of Europe The word knight was not just a job title, it was a social ranking. For a man to become a knight, he had to be formally knighted in a ceremony, or receive an accolade of knighthood for exceptional bravery or service, usually in battle. Because neither of these were typically the domains of women, it was rare for a women to carry the title of knight. However, in parts of Europe, there were chivalric orders of knighthood that were open to women. During the early medieval period, a group of devout Christian knights joined together to form the Knights Templar. Their mission was twofold: to protect European travelers on pilgrimage in the Holy Land, but also to carry out secret military operations.  When they finally took the time to write down a list of their rules, around 1129 C.E., their mandates mentioned a pre-existing practice of admitting women to the Knights Templar. In fact, women were permitted as part of the organization during its first 10 years of existence. Lorado / Getty Images A related group, the Teutonic Order, accepted women as Consorores, or Sisters. Their role was an auxiliary one, often related to support and hospital services during times of war, including on the battlefield. In the mid-12th century, Moorish invaders laid the town of Tortosa, Spain, under siege. Because the towns menfolk were already off at battle fighting on another front, it fell to the women of Tortosa to set up defenses. They dressed in mens clothing- which was certainly easier to fight in- picked up weapons, and held their town with an array of swords, farm implements, and hatchets. In the aftermath, Count Ramon Berenguer of Barcelona founded the Order of the Hatchet in their honor. Elias Ashmole wrote in 1672 that the count granted the women of Tortosa numerous privileges and immunities: He also ordained, that at all publick meetings, the  Women  should have precedence of the  Men; That they should be exempted from all Taxes; and that all the Apparel and Jewels, though of never so great value, left by their dead Husbands, should be their own. It is not known whether the women of the Order ever fought in any battles other than defending Tortosa. The group faded into obscurity as its members aged and died out. Women in Warfare During the Middle Ages, women were not raised for battle like their male counterparts, who typically trained for warfare from boyhood. However, that doesnt mean they didnt fight. There are numerous examples of women, both noble and lower-born, who defended their homes, their families, and their nations from attacking outside forces. Margaret of Anjou directed troops during the War of the Roses. Hulton Archive / Getty Images The eight-day siege of Jerusalem in 1187 relied on women for success. Nearly all of the citys fighting men had marched out of town three months earlier, for the Battle of Hattin, leaving Jerusalem unguarded but for a few hastily-knighted boys. The women, however, outnumbered men in the city by nearly 50 to 1, so when Balian, Baron of Ibelin, realized it was time to defend the walls against the invading army of Saladin, he enlisted the female citizens to get to work. Dr. Helena P. Schrader, Ph.D. in History from the University of Hamburg, says that Ibelin would have had to organize these untrained civilians into units, assigning them specific, focused tasks. ... whether it was defending a sector of the wall, putting out fires, or ensuring that the men and women doing the fighting were supplied with water, food and ammunition. Most astonishing, his improvised units not only repulsed assaults, they also sortied out several times, destroying some of Saladin’s siege engines, and two or three times chasing the Saracens all the way back to the palisades of their camp. Nicholaa de la Haye was born in Lincolnshire, England, around 1150, and inherited her fathers land when he died. Married at least twice, Nicholaa was the castellan of Lincoln Castle, her family estate, despite the fact that each of her husbands tried to claim it as their own. When her spouses were away, Nicholaa ran the show. William Longchamps, a chancellor of Richard I, was heading to Nottingham to battle against Prince John, and along the way, he stopped at Lincoln, laying siege to Nicholaas castle. She refused to yield, and commanding 30 knights, 20 men-at-arms, and a few hundred infantrymen, held the castle for 40 days. Longchamps eventually gave up and moved on. She defended her home again a few years later when Prince Louis of France tried to invade Lincoln. Women didnt just show up and perform the duties of knights in defensive mode. There are several accounts of queens who traveled into the field with their armies in times of war. Eleanor of Aquitaine, the Queen of both France and England, led a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. She even did it while dressed in armor and carrying a lance, although she didnt personally fight. During the War of the Roses, Marguerite d’Anjou personally directed the actions of Lancastrian commanders during battles against Yorkist opponents while her husband, King Henry VI, was incapacitated by bouts of madness. In fact, in 1460, she defeated the threat to her husband’s throne by calling on the Lancastrian nobility to assemble a mighty host in Yorkshire that ambushed York and killed him and 2,500 of his men outside his ancestral home at Sandal Castle. Finally, its important to note that over the centuries, there were countless other women who donned armor and rode into war. We know this because although medieval European writers documenting the Crusades emphasized the notion that pious Christian women did not fight, the historians of their Muslim opponents wrote of crusading women battling against them. The Persian scholar Imad ad-din al-Isfahani wrote, a woman of high rank arrived by sea in late autumn 1189, with an escort of 500 knights with  their forces, squires, pages and valets. She paid all their expenses and also led them in  raids on the Muslims. He went on to say that there were many female knights among the Christians, who wore armour like the men and fought like men in battle, and could not be told apart from  the men until they were killed and the armour was stripped from their bodies. Although their names have been lost to history, these women did exist, they simply were not granted the title of knight. Sources Ashmole, Elias. â€Å"The Institution, Laws Ceremonies of the Most Noble Order of the Garter Collected and Digested into One Body.†Ã‚  Early English Books Online, The University of Michigan, quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A26024.0001.001?viewtoc.Nicholson, Helen, and Helen Nicholson. â€Å"Women and the Crusades.†Ã‚  Academia.edu, www.academia.edu/7608599/Women_and_the_Crusades.Schrader, Helena P. â€Å"Surrender of Jerusalem to Saladin in 1187.†Ã‚  Defending the Crusader Kingdoms, 1 Jan. 1970, defendingcrusaderkingdoms.blogspot.com/2017/10/surrender-of-jerusalem-to-saladin-in.html.Velde, Francois R. â€Å"Women Knights in the Middle Ages.†Ã‚  Women Knights, www.heraldica.org/topics/orders/wom-kn.htm.

Field Technician - A First Job in Archaeology

Field Technician - A First Job in Archaeology A Field Technician, or Archaeological Field Technician, is an entry-level paying position in archaeology. A Field Technician performs archaeological survey and excavation, under the supervision of a Principal Investigator, Field Supervisor, or Crew Chief. These jobs are known by a wide variety of names, including Field Hand, Field Archaeologist, Natural Resource Technician I, Archaeologist/Technician, Field Technician, US Government 29023 Archeological Technician I, and Assistant Archaeologist. Duties An archaeological field technician performs duties associated with pedestrian surveys as well as hand excavation (shovel testing, bucket auger testing, 1x1 meter units, test trenches) of archaeological sites. Field technicians may be asked to take detailed field notes, draw sketch maps, excavate archaeological features, bag artifacts, record provenience of the finds, use a Munsell soil chart, take photographs, use computer software programs (Microsoft ® Word, Excel and Access are typical), and at all times maintain client confidentiality. Some amount of physical labor is generally required, such as manually removing brush or vegetation, and carrying and maintaining tools and equipment. Field technicians may need to navigate with a compass and topographic map, help run a total station to create topographic maps, or learn digital mapping with using GPS/GIS. Job Type and Availability Kansas Archeology Training Program Field School. Mark Reinstein / Corbis via Getty Image Entry level jobs are usually short-term temporary positions; they dont usually come with insurance or benefits, although there are exceptions. Typically, a field technician is hired by a  firm that conducts archaeological work related to cultural resource management (or heritage management) in many different states or countries. Those firms maintain a list of field technicians and send out notices when projects are coming up: projects which can last for a few days or years. The long-term positions are rare; field techs rarely work full time and most are seasonal employees. Archaeological projects are conducted over the world, mostly led by cultural resource firms (or cultural resource arms of engineering companies), universities, museums, or governmental agencies. The jobs are fairly numerous, but require the technician to travel far from home and stay in the field for extended periods of time. Education / Experience Level Required This pile of excavation equipment is waiting for the next field trip. Kris Hirst (c) 2006 At a minimum, field technicians need a Bachelors degree in Anthropology, Archaeology or a closely related field, plus six months or a years experience. Most firms expect employees to have taken at least one professional field school or have had some prior field survey experience. Occasionally firms will take people who are still working on their bachelors degrees. Experience with ArcMap, ArcPad or other GIS hardware such as a Trimble unit is helpful; a valid drivers license and good driving record is a fairly standard requirement. Another highly valued asset is familiarity with cultural resource laws, such as Section 106, NEPA, NHPA, FERC as well as relevant state regulations in the United States. There are also specialist positions, such as coastal or marine/maritime projects that may require SCUBA diving experience. Field schools can be taken at a local university for tuition and living costs; archaeological and historical societies occasionally run projects to train prospective field technicians. Advantageous Assets Field technicians need a good work ethic and a cheerful disposition: archaeology is physically demanding and often tedious, and a successful technician should be willing to learn, work hard, and act independently. Verbal and written communication skills are among the most sought-after characteristics for beginning field technicians, particularly the ability to write technical reports. Membership in professional societies, such as the Institute for Archaeologists in the UK or the Register of Professional Archaeologists (RPA) in the US, may be a requirement for employment, and background or knowledge in the cultures being studied (especially for long projects) is a valuable asset. Having many of these characteristics may lead to promotions or full-time positions. Although the Americans with Disabilities Act is in force for archaeological jobs in the US and there are similar laws in other countries, field technician jobs require employees to be in good physical condition, to be able to work outdoors in variable weather conditions and on varied terrain. Some jobs will require longer work weeks when circumstances arise; and survey projects, in particular, require walking long distances (8–16 kilometers or 5–10 miles a day) under adverse conditions, including inclement weather and wildlife encounters, carrying up to 23 kilograms (50 pounds). Drug screening, background checks, and even physical fitness exams conducted by the firm are becoming common. Common Pay Rates Based on job listings viewed in January 2019, rates for a Field Technician vary between $US 14–22 per hour and, in the United Kingdom,  £10–15 per hour- however, few job listings in 2019 provided explicit wage data. Per diem covering hotels and meals is often provided, depending on the project. In a statistical survey conducted in 2012, Doug Rocks-Macqueen (2014) reported that rates for US-based field technicians ranged between US$10–25, with an average of $14.09. Rocks-Macqueen, Doug 2014. Jobs in American Archaeology: Pay for CRM Archaeologists. Archaeologies 10(3):281–296 download the article for free from Dougs Archaeology blog. Pluses and Minuses of the Traveling Life The life of a field technician is not without rewards, but there are some difficulties involved. If specific projects last six months or more, it may not be practical for many field technicians to maintain a permanent address (apart from a family member or friend as a mail drop). Stowing furniture and other possessions in an empty apartment for six months or a year is expensive and risky. Field technicians travel quite a bit, which may be the single best reason to spend a couple years as an archaeological assistant. Wages and availability of jobs and housing will vary from company to company, from dig to dig, whether nationally or internationally. In many countries, field technician positions are filled by local experts, and getting hired on those excavations requires enough experience to play a supervisory role. Where to Find Field Tech Jobs US R. Joe Brandons Shovel BumsJennifer Palmers Archaeology Fieldwork.comINDEED: Archaeological Field TechniciansGlassdoor.com: Archaeological Field Technician Jobs Canada Jennifer Palmers Archaeological Fieldwork: Canada UK British Archaeological Jobs Resources (BAJR): EmploymentINDEED UK: Archaeological Field Jobs Australia INDEED AU: Archaeology Jobs

The changing role of Middle Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The changing role of Middle Managers - Essay Example This team’s focus is more towards the long term goals of the company in terms of growth, profitability, withstanding competition, compliance with regulations, satisfying shareholders and increasingly being good corporate citizens in society in terms of the environment and sustainable business practices. Line managers tend to technical experts at specific tasks such as production, quality, purchasing, product development, marketing, sales, advertising or accounting. The middle manager serves as the interface between the small senior team and the much larger number of line managers (Jones and George, 2003). 2.1 The principal tasks for a middle manager Anthony Dance who describes himself as a Middle Manager Coach lists the differences between the middle managers’ role and that of the line managers who report to him. In a 2011 magazine article, he describes the middle manager as the manager of mangers whereas line mangers are mangers of specific functions. The middle manger ’s performance is dependent on the performance of others and his set of duties is often not very clearly defined. Anthony Dance breaks up the traditional role of a middle manager into three principal categories, Strategic tasks, Technical tasks and People tasks. The Strategic tasks include the understanding of the objectives for the company set by the senior management and breaking those into actionable tasks for the line managers, providing feedback to senior management on any problems and recommending corrections, financial and performance analysis and reporting, and communication both upwards and downwards. The Technical tasks include administration, ensuring compliance with plans and co-ordination between line functions. The most important function, however, are the...Anthony Dance who describes himself as a Middle Manager Coach lists the differences between the middle managers’ role and that of the line managers who report to him. In a 2011 magazine article, he de scribes the middle manager as the manager of managers whereas line managers are managers of specific functions. The middle manger’s performance is dependent on the performance of others and his set of duties is often not very clearly defined. Anthony Dance breaks up the traditional role of a middle manager into three principal categories, Strategic tasks, Technical tasks and People tasks. The Strategic tasks include the understanding of the objectives for the company set by the senior management and breaking those into actionable tasks for the line managers, providing feedback to senior management on any problems and recommending corrections, financial and performance analysis and reporting, and communication both upwards and downwards. The Technical tasks include administration, ensuring compliance with plans and co-ordination between line functions. The most important function, however, are the People tasks which include leading the team, motivating them and developing new leaders. Good middle managers strive to constantly improve the performance of line managers and remove those who fail to improve. The problem in most organizations comes from the middle manager not spending enough time on people tasks, either because he is overloaded with the other tasks or because he is uncomfortable with handling people issues.